Contents

 List of Illustrations vii

 List of Maps and Tables ix

 Preface xi

 Acknowledgements xiii

 Terms used in the text xv

 1 A well-kept secret 1

 1.1 Religious practice; 1.2 Daoists of north China;

 1.3 Rituals, jiao, and Quanzhen/Zhengyi; 1.4 Fieldwork on

 ‘religious music’; 1.5 Other sources; 1.6 Sects; 1.7 Time-frame

 Part One: Singing from a different hymn-sheet: north and

 central Shanxi

 2 North Shanxi 35

 2.1 Yanggao; 2.2 Elsewhere in north Shanxi; 2.3 Yangyuan

 3 North–central Shanxi 65

 3.1 Hunyuan; 3.2 Xinzhou; 3.3 The Wutai area;

 3.4 Occasional rituals

 Part Two: Temple–lay connections: south Shanxi and south Hebei,

 Shaanxi and Gansu

 4 South Shanxi and south Hebei 85

 4.1 South Shanxi; 4.2 South Hebei

 5 Shaanxi 95

 5.1 Shaanbei; 5.2 Changwu

 6 Gansu 107

 6.1 Zhangye; 6.2 Jingtai

 Part Three: Just can’t get the staff: the central Hebei plain

 Introduction: Ritual associations on the Hebei plain 117

 7 Daxing: the Liangshanpo transmission 131

 7.1 The Liangshanpo Daoists; 7.2 Village transmissions;

 7.3 Buddhist-transmitted groups; 7.4 A Buddhist and

 Daoist funeral; 7.5 Langfang

 8 Bazhou and Jinghai 145

 8.1 Sheng tuners; 8.2 The Chenghuangmiao in Gu'an;

 8.3 Other temples practising folk ritual; 8.4 Zhangzhuang;

 vi In Search of the Folk Daoists of North China

 8.5 Gaoqiao; 8.6 Other nearby groups; 8.7 Jinghai and the

 eastern area

 9 The western area: Houshan and the Houtu cult 165

 9.1 Houtu; 9.2 The Houshan Daoists; 9.3 The local ritual network;

 9.4 Houshan before and after Liberation; 9.5 Recent observances

 on Houshan; 9.6 Other Houtu temples; 9.7 Other ritual groups;

 9.8 Funeral practice; 9.9 Some major rituals becoming rare;

 9.10 Conclusion

 Conclusion

 10 It’s Daoism, but not as we know it 205

 10.1 Joining Up the Dots, Chasing the Red Herring;

 10.2 Daoist ritual in ‘north’ and ‘south’ China

 Appendices

 1 Ritual practice in Beijing and Tianjin cities 219

 2 Some ritual songs in central Hebei 233

 3 Precious scrolls of central Hebei 237

 4 Some sites for living folk ritual activity in Shanxi 263

 Bibliography 265

 Glossary–Index 277